Questions

Bethany
Mrs. Medenica
Science 7B
May 13, 2013

Questions

1. In my model the large styrofoam ball represented the sun that stayed in one place the smaller one was used for the moon that rotated around the sun.

2. Half of the moon is showing when you shine a light on the moon which looks like the First Quarter or the Third Quarter.

3. The drawing that has no shadow over the circle is a full moon. A new moon has a shadow over the entire thing. A waxing crescent has a shadow over most of it on the lift side. A waning gibbus has most of the moon covered on the left side.

4. Whenever you rotated the light the ball always lit up halfway since the ball was always in one place and the light shone on different parts of the moon.

5. The part that was lit by the lamp was the top and bottom because whenever the sun shines on the moon it always shines on one side. I think that the darkness of the moon is caused by an eclipse because the moon eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly behind the earth into its shadow.

6. I think that this experiment helped solidify the phases of the moon and how they occur. I was also able to get a clearer picture. Some disadvantages were that you couldn't really see where there was always light. Another way to do this experiment is to use two pieces of paper and show the different phases of the moon while covering the piece of paper. 

Jupiter Still Has Water From 1994

Bethany

Mrs.Medenica

Science 7B

May 6 2013

Article by Meggan Gannon

Published: May 6, 2013

URL: http://www.space.com/20796-jupiter-water-comet-crash-1994.html

Jupiter Still Has Water from 1994



      

        It is known that the stratosphere in Jupiter is filled with water. This was delivered by a  cataclysmic comet crash, on July, 1994, the comet, Shoemaker-Levy 9 crashed into Jupiter in more then 20 broken pieces. This crash gave Jupiter scars that are large enough to be seen by small telescopes on earth. Comets are made up of ice which dropped loads of water on Jupiter and a little on Saturn, Neptune and Uranus.  Though the scientists are not sure if those three planets got the water from the comet because there are the other possibilities that there was a steady rain interplanetary (between planets) dust particles.  Water vapor was first spotted in Jupiter's higher atmosphere by the European Space Agency's in 1997. Scientists are still thinking about other possibilities about where the water came from they are sure that the water hadn't risen from the inner part of Jupiters atmosphere because there's a vapor-blocking "cold trap" that separates Jupiter's stratosphere from the clouds in its troposphere that is below. Cavalié states in a report written by the ESA, "According to our models, as much as 95 percent of the water in the stratosphere is due to the comet impact," Cavalie also states, "All four giant planets in the outer solar system have water in their atmospheres, but there may be four different scenarios for how they got it." 

       This relates to what we have been doing in class because we have been talking about the stratosphere and troposphere that are on earth. I chose this article because I thought that it would explain whether or not the layers of the earth are similar, same, or different  on different planets. This also relates on what we have been doing in class because we talked about different planets also the atmosphere on earth though this article talked about the atmosphere on Jupiter which was interesting because you get to compare. Overall I enjoyed this article though sometimes it was a bit hard to understand. 



Hurricane Sandy

Bethany
Climate Change Impacts to U.S. Coasts Threaten Public Health, Safety and Economy
1/28/201
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey
http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3496#.URnAHx3AeYQ

        There has been another worry in the U.S since according to the new technical report the constant effects in the climate will the health of the U.S coastal communities and social, economic and natural systems. The climate changing also has an impact on on coastal ecosystems and  kinds of scientific data, planning tools and resources that coastal communities and resource managers need to help them adapt to the different climate changes. Since the coast is highly dangerous during the climate change for example: sea-level rise, erosion, storms and flooding, especially in the more populated low-lying parts of the U.S. coast along the Gulf of Mexico, Mid-Atlantic, northern Alaska, Hawaii, and island territories. 

      This relates to what we are studying in class because we are studying earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunami's and since hurricanes are caused by the mixing of climate change this definitely relates to hurricanes. Also part of the article related to Hurricane Sandy and it talked a lot about how the climate change was worst near the coast which is true because hurricanes occur most by the coast. Hurricanes occur in water. In conclusion I think this article was very serious and I didn't really enjoy reading it. I think the article should have more pictures to help you explain. Overall I didn't like reading this article but it did have a huge relation to hurricanes which gave me more information about them! 

Hurricanes

Bethany

Mrs. Medenica  

Science 7B

19 March 2013  

                                                                               Hurricanes     

             "A tropical cyclone with winds of 74 miles (119 kilometers) per hour or greater that occurs especially in the western Atlantic, that is usually accompanied by rain, thunder, and lightning, and that sometimes moves into temperate latitudes" -- Merriam Webster. In other words a hurricane is a storm with strong and violent winds. Did you know that around five to nine hurricanes happen per year (during hurricane season) and also hurricanes are not just a strong wind, they also can cause tornadoes.

           

              Hurricanes occur when hot and cold climates mix together. This forms a cloud, shaped like a funnel. Hurricanes always form over the ocean. Hurricanes form in the Pacific Ocean (most active on the Western side),  The Gulf of Mexico and in the Atlantic.  For example: In the Atlantic ocean during 2005 there was one of the most deadliest and most destructive hurricanes, this hurricane was called, Hurricane Katrina. 1,833 people died because of flooding. The total property damage was an estimation of $81 billion. This also shows what the results are of a hurricane. There are many effects of a hurricane, one is storm surge. Storm surge is the rising of the sea level. This is caused when strong winds push the water towards land. Another effect is, heavy rainfall. Heavy rainfall is caused by the hurricane because of when the wind is pushing the water toward land. The rainfall varies from six to 12 inches. One more effect of hurricanes are that sometimes tornadoes are produced by them. Some hurricanes produce several hurricanes while some produce none. They are produced on the front, right quadrant of the hurricane. A quadrant is, "Each of four quarters of a circle" --dictionary.com. 

      You may wondering what people are doing to try to find out if a hurricane is coming their way. The truth is that they have many ways. Have you ever wondered when you were swimming in the ocean why there were colorful buoys around you? Buoys provide information that is provided below the sea including air and water temperature, wave height, and wind direction and speed. Another way are satellites, the satellites provide snapshots of the earth. They can also analyze cloud structures and read the temperature of the earths surface. There are three different warnings. The first warning is called a, Hurricane watch. A hurricane watch tells people that there is a possible hurricane in the area. The next warning is called, Hurricane warning. A hurricane warning is when an announcement is made that a hurricane is expected to come. The last warning is, Extreme wind Warning. Extreme wind warning means that the hurricane is traveling 115mph or greater and that you should take immediate action. 

      There are many benefits with many of the solutions to the problems. They are really good because they help us contact the citizens of the town so that they can be possibly evacuated, it could save many lives. When using buoys, this is a really good way to raise awareness on future hurricanes. One it is easy to see, and they are placed everywhere and also it doesn't take much energy. 

       In conclusion as you can see hurricanes are very destructive and science can help us by using buoys and satellites. Science is used when working with buoys because you need to know where to put them. You use science to measure how deep the water is in certain places and where there is the most current or where hurricanes have happened before. Since these satellites are research satellites, different then navigation satellites and communication satellites. The satellites help the scientists by taking snapshots of the world so that they can research them and see if the hurricane is coming toward their city and how strong and fast the hurricane is going. 

       

                                                         Hurricane Sandy 

Works Cited

"How Do Hurricanes Form?" :: NASA's The Space Place. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.

"Hurricane Basics: What Is a Hurricane?" Hurricane Basics: What Is a Hurricane? N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.

"Hurricane Katrina." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Mar. 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.

"HurricaneAbout Our Definitions: All Forms of a Word (noun, Verb, Etc.) Are Now Displayed on One Page." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.

"Hurricanes and Tornadoes." Hurricanes and Tornadoes. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.

"Predicting Hurricanes: Times Have Changed." NOAA 200th Feature Stories: Predicting Hurricanes. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.

"United States." AccuWeather. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.

"Where Do Hurricanes Occur Most Often?" WikiAnswers. Answers, n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.

"Why Do Hurricanes Occur?" WikiAnswers. Answers, n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.

Name: Bethany 7B
Title:"Bionic" Contact Lens May Create Tiny Personal Displays
Author: Joab Jackson
Published: January 29, 2013
URL. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/080129-bionic-eye_2.html

         "A new contact lens embedded with electronic circuits could be the seed for "bionic eyes" that can see displays overlaid on a person's field of view" researchers say. Did you know that people have made contact lenses that can give you a readout such as driving directions or the go web searching. First they had to find out how to get the surface of the lens so the electronics didn't block regular vision.The researchers also had to find out how to get electric circuit onto the contact lense with only a slight increase of weight. Instead of putting the direct circuit on the contact lense they made a nano size metal components and mixed them together so that they appeared like a fine powder.This powder was then placed in a vial of fluid and poured over a pitted lens surface.

      This is fascinating not only that the lense can help you in many different ways it could also just be used for simple everyday things like driving a car a short distance. In conclusion I wonder if you could be able to see the little electromagnet on the lense when you are wearing it. What would happen if the powder slid off would it just be a normal lense? 
 



 

Making Waves Lab

Bethany
7B
Science
1/12/2012

Making Waves Lab

Guiding Question: 

1. When Water is dropped from a pipette into a pan of water, how does the wave behave?

2. What properties does a mechanical wave have?

3. How do waves interact with each other and with solid objects in their paths? 

Hypothesis (to question 3):

I think that when a wave interacts with a sold object they cannot go through  the barrier. I think that the wave with crash into the solid object and then crash back into a lighter wave. This also will allow a small splash. This depends on how big the wave is. Also if there was a gap I think only a little bit of water would go through because the wave would all be trying to go through the gap at once.

 Data analysis

            Our experiment was to see how the water would react when we put barriers or dropped drops of water in different parts of the container. I learned that when the wave hits a barrier it cannot go through it instead the wave bounces back from the barrier. If there is a gap between two barriers the water will go through the gap once it has entered the other side it grows calm. This is because a drop of water doesn't have enough force to continue the wave. If the drop of water had lots more force, the wave would go between the barriers and still have enough force to continue the wave. When we placed a cork in the water to represent a boat we found out that it needs more force and if the cork did move then it would go very slowly in one direction. If a barrier was in the boats way it would just bob up and down. It wouldn't go through the slit between the barriers. We also found out that it matters where the droplet of water lands. If you drop some water in the middle the waves with be circular. If you drop the water in a corner it would make half circles smaller then gradually growing bigger. If you tap the side of the pan it would make square waves. This is cool because I understood that there were different types of waves but I never did more research to determine how these waves are made!


        When we did the, "Make waves with a faucet" game I found out that it was sort of the same as what we did because if we placed the faucet in the middle it would make circular waves. Same as if we used a pipette. Also the bigger the drop the stronger the wave was. If we did the continuation of drops in a fast pace the waves would never stop or slow down and the waves would be very close together. If we did the drops in a very slow pace the waves would die out until another large drop of water came. The waves slowed down even faster when the drop of water was very small. If the drop of water was tiny there would not be any wave that you cold see. If you looked at the graph there was a small disturbance in the water but not much because of how small the drop of water was. You could also notice the darker the lines the stronger the wave was. I wonder what would happen if the faucet was farther up? Would the wave be stronger because the drop of water was falling from greater heights? Does it matter how high you hold the faucet/ pipette?


         In conclusion my hypothesis was correct for question three because the wave couldn't go through the clay, the wave was not strong enough to create any splash but I think it would have if the wave were bigger. Also my hypothesis was correct and incorrect because I said that only only a little bit of water would escape. This is true but it is also incorrect because the water wasn't fighting to get between the gap. I wonder if we had tiny holes in the clay would water go through them? Next time I think we should try different things with the clay. Also it would be fun if we created bigger waves with heavier forces so that our data can be more accurate! I also wonder what would happen if the white container was tipped slightly!